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Tier 2MitochondrialAnti-agingMetabolicPREMIUM

NAD+

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) -- Including Precursors NMN (Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) and NR (Nicotinamide Riboside)
Not a peptide -- NAD+ is a coenzyme (small molecule). Included in this series because it is widely co-sold with peptides by research chemical vendors and because its biology is directly mechanistically complementary to SS-31 and MOTS-c (mitochondrial) covered in this series. NR (nicotinamide riboside chloride / NIAGEN, ChromaDex) received FDA GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) designation for specific food uses and is sold as a dietary supplement. NMN regulatory status is unsettled: the FDA ruled in November 2022 that NMN cannot be marketed as a dietary supplement because it was authorized as an investigational new drug before commercial supplement availability; the FDA reversed this position in 2024 following legal challenges. NMN remains available in the supplement market. IV NAD+ infusion therapy is legal at wellness clinics in the US as a compounded medication (not FDA-approved). Subcutaneous NAD+ injection is sold by research chemical and peptide vendors without regulatory oversight. No NAD+ product is FDA-approved for any anti-aging or longevity indication. Not on WADA prohibited list.

For research and educational purposes only · Not medical advice · Consult a qualified physician before any human use

Profile Overview

NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is the coenzyme at the center of cellular energy metabolism, DNA repair, and sirtuin-mediated aging regulation. NAD+ levels decline approximately 50% between ages 40 and 60 through multiple mechanisms including increased CD38-mediated degradation and reduced NAMPT-driven synthesis. Two oral precursors -- NMN and NR -- have the most robust human clinical evidence: NMN published in Science (Yoshino et al. 2021, n=25) showed increased muscle insulin sensitivity; NR published in Nature Communications (McDermott et al. 2024, NICE trial, n=90) improved 6-minute walk distance in peripheral artery disease by 17.6 meters vs. placebo. The human evidence base is genuinely positive but limited: trials are short (10 to 12 weeks), small (n=20 to 90), and have produced inconsistent results on functional endpoints. Injectable NAD+ (IV and subcutaneous) is widely used in wellness settings despite a fundamental scientific dispute over whether the NAD+ molecule -- too large and charged to enter cells directly -- actually delivers benefit via the proposed cellular mechanism.

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Full Profile: Premium Members Only

The complete NAD+ profile includes all use cases with full evidence reviews, mechanism of action deep dive, safety analysis, evidence table, dosing guidance, and stack compatibility data.

For research and educational purposes only · Not medical advice · Consult a qualified physician before any human use